Average Character Frequency
The following shows the average frequency with which each
letter appears in English.
Such information is useful in data compression and
security applications.
You should also look at the list of English
word frequency.
The input was 3,708,010 words, those from the texts listed below.
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Z |
Q |
J |
X |
V |
K |
B |
P |
G |
Y |
F |
C |
W |
M |
U |
L |
D |
R |
S |
H |
N |
I |
O |
A |
T |
E |
Note: More complete
corpora give slightly
differing orders
In modern English the order is:
..., U, L, D, R,
H,
S,
N,
O,
I,
A, T, E
|
|
1 |
39 Nine Steps
|
Buchan,
John
|
1875 to 1940
|
2 |
A Tale of Two Cities
|
Dickens,
Charles
|
1812 to 1870
|
3 |
Complete Works
|
Shakespeare,
William
|
1564 to 1616
|
4 |
Dracula
|
Stoker,
Bram
|
1847 to 1912
|
5 |
Economy of Mach and Manuf
|
Babbage,
Charles
|
1792 to 1871
|
6 |
Ivanhoe
|
Scott,
Walter
|
1771 to 1832
|
7 |
Jane Eyre
|
Bronte,
Charlotte
|
1816 to 1855
|
8 |
Jungle Book
|
Kipling,
Rudyard
|
1865 to 1936
|
9 |
Just So Stories
|
Kipling,
Rudyard
|
1865 to 1936
|
10 |
Kidnapped
|
Stevenson,
Robert
|
1850 to 1894
|
11 |
Kim
|
Kipling,
Rudyard
|
1865 to 1936
|
12 |
Micrographia
|
Hooke,
Robert
|
1635 to 1703
|
13 |
Poems
|
Blake,
William
|
1757 to 1827
|
14 |
Pygmalion
|
Shaw,
George Bernard
|
1856 to 1950
|
15 |
Treasure Island
|
Stevenson,
Robert
|
1850 to 1894
|
16 |
Wildfell
|
Bronte,
Anne
|
1820 to 1849
|
17 |
Wuthering Heights
|
Bronte,
Emily
|
1818 to 1848
|
|
Character Frequency (%)
Text |
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
H |
I |
J |
K |
L |
M |
N |
O |
P |
Q |
R |
S |
T |
U |
V |
W |
X |
Y |
Z |
1 |
8.51
|
1.70
|
2.37
|
5.01
|
12.08
|
2.30
|
2.17
|
6.14
|
6.82
|
0.12
|
1.09
|
4.11
|
2.80
|
6.88
|
7.74
|
1.64
|
0.06
|
5.27
|
5.58
|
9.21
|
2.78
|
0.79
|
2.58
|
0.09
|
2.09
|
0.07
|
2 |
8.03
|
1.41
|
2.32
|
4.67
|
12.48
|
2.26
|
2.09
|
6.49
|
6.84
|
0.12
|
0.80
|
3.67
|
2.55
|
7.07
|
7.76
|
1.66
|
0.11
|
6.20
|
6.27
|
9.01
|
2.79
|
0.87
|
2.35
|
0.12
|
2.03
|
0.04
|
3 |
7.63
|
1.63
|
2.32
|
3.94
|
11.80
|
2.12
|
1.80
|
6.25
|
6.70
|
0.13
|
0.93
|
4.49
|
2.94
|
6.42
|
8.30
|
1.54
|
0.09
|
6.27
|
6.57
|
8.70
|
3.40
|
0.99
|
2.36
|
0.14
|
2.49
|
0.04
|
4 |
8.20
|
1.41
|
2.12
|
4.47
|
12.43
|
2.19
|
1.99
|
6.77
|
6.68
|
0.13
|
0.97
|
4.09
|
2.78
|
6.83
|
7.89
|
1.44
|
0.10
|
5.48
|
6.19
|
9.11
|
2.82
|
0.92
|
2.83
|
0.12
|
1.99
|
0.06
|
5 |
7.34
|
1.58
|
3.57
|
3.48
|
13.04
|
2.85
|
1.60
|
5.49
|
7.34
|
0.11
|
0.49
|
3.67
|
2.73
|
6.84
|
7.52
|
2.45
|
0.20
|
6.21
|
6.48
|
9.61
|
2.81
|
1.02
|
1.69
|
0.29
|
1.57
|
0.04
|
6 |
7.83
|
1.64
|
2.76
|
4.48
|
12.70
|
2.51
|
1.79
|
6.84
|
6.69
|
0.17
|
0.63
|
3.74
|
2.46
|
6.62
|
7.54
|
1.76
|
0.10
|
6.26
|
6.37
|
9.15
|
2.79
|
0.94
|
2.25
|
0.21
|
1.73
|
0.05
|
7 |
7.97
|
1.42
|
2.38
|
4.75
|
12.78
|
2.14
|
1.91
|
5.82
|
7.11
|
0.16
|
0.77
|
4.12
|
2.83
|
6.89
|
7.69
|
1.54
|
0.12
|
6.01
|
6.36
|
8.51
|
2.98
|
0.97
|
2.37
|
0.16
|
2.20
|
0.04
|
8 |
8.66
|
1.77
|
1.97
|
4.55
|
12.28
|
2.13
|
2.57
|
7.37
|
6.22
|
0.15
|
1.64
|
4.82
|
2.30
|
6.70
|
7.34
|
1.45
|
0.07
|
4.97
|
5.70
|
9.13
|
2.77
|
0.82
|
2.78
|
0.06
|
1.76
|
0.05
|
9 |
9.27
|
1.70
|
1.96
|
5.46
|
11.59
|
2.04
|
1.93
|
6.69
|
6.64
|
0.14
|
1.20
|
4.63
|
2.58
|
6.63
|
6.92
|
1.63
|
0.11
|
4.75
|
5.96
|
9.01
|
3.12
|
0.83
|
2.70
|
0.07
|
2.38
|
0.05
|
10 |
9.02
|
1.66
|
2.09
|
4.80
|
11.99
|
2.29
|
2.02
|
6.60
|
6.66
|
0.09
|
0.99
|
4.19
|
2.65
|
7.10
|
7.48
|
1.50
|
0.07
|
5.31
|
6.00
|
8.98
|
2.81
|
0.77
|
2.68
|
0.09
|
2.15
|
0.03
|
11 |
8.49
|
1.80
|
2.11
|
4.39
|
12.36
|
2.11
|
2.02
|
7.09
|
6.82
|
0.11
|
1.20
|
4.59
|
2.82
|
6.37
|
7.38
|
1.45
|
0.08
|
5.42
|
6.21
|
9.05
|
2.78
|
0.87
|
2.48
|
0.11
|
1.84
|
0.06
|
12 |
7.61
|
1.97
|
2.84
|
3.65
|
12.65
|
2.82
|
1.74
|
6.07
|
7.01
|
0.09
|
0.59
|
3.96
|
2.48
|
6.31
|
7.68
|
2.00
|
0.15
|
6.23
|
6.68
|
9.70
|
2.74
|
1.11
|
1.77
|
0.29
|
1.84
|
0.02
|
13 |
7.71
|
1.56
|
1.70
|
4.76
|
13.50
|
2.02
|
2.22
|
7.15
|
6.53
|
0.17
|
0.85
|
5.06
|
2.56
|
6.99
|
6.63
|
1.62
|
0.03
|
6.01
|
6.14
|
8.29
|
2.11
|
1.07
|
2.78
|
0.04
|
2.46
|
0.03
|
14 |
7.45
|
1.38
|
2.29
|
3.61
|
11.44
|
1.92
|
3.10
|
6.27
|
7.82
|
0.09
|
1.07
|
4.50
|
2.58
|
6.93
|
8.10
|
1.76
|
0.10
|
5.69
|
6.28
|
8.68
|
2.94
|
0.84
|
2.15
|
0.15
|
2.59
|
0.27
|
15 |
8.59
|
1.63
|
2.13
|
4.95
|
12.08
|
2.08
|
2.03
|
6.55
|
6.44
|
0.15
|
1.01
|
4.17
|
2.39
|
6.94
|
7.85
|
1.63
|
0.10
|
5.52
|
6.12
|
9.03
|
2.97
|
0.84
|
2.63
|
0.09
|
2.04
|
0.03
|
16 |
7.66
|
1.54
|
2.22
|
4.53
|
12.17
|
2.23
|
1.97
|
5.92
|
7.23
|
0.11
|
0.73
|
4.29
|
3.03
|
7.05
|
7.84
|
1.55
|
0.11
|
5.70
|
6.12
|
8.91
|
3.33
|
0.98
|
2.25
|
0.16
|
2.35
|
0.04
|
17 |
7.78
|
1.38
|
2.37
|
4.82
|
12.81
|
2.14
|
2.10
|
6.56
|
7.16
|
0.11
|
0.78
|
4.15
|
2.65
|
7.18
|
7.37
|
1.56
|
0.09
|
5.87
|
6.12
|
8.63
|
2.97
|
0.92
|
2.12
|
0.16
|
2.16
|
0.04
|
Average |
8.10 |
1.60 |
2.33 |
4.49 |
12.36 |
2.24 |
2.06 |
6.48 |
6.87 |
0.13 |
0.93 |
4.25 |
2.65 |
6.81 |
7.59 |
1.66 |
0.10 |
5.72 |
6.18 |
8.98 |
2.88 |
0.91 |
2.40 |
0.14 |
2.10 |
0.06 |
Bigram Frequency (%)
|
A- |
B- |
C- |
D- |
E- |
F- |
G- |
H- |
I- |
J- |
K- |
L- |
M- |
N- |
O- |
P- |
Q- |
R- |
S- |
T- |
U- |
V- |
W- |
X- |
Y- |
Z- |
-A |
0.01 |
0.15 |
0.38 |
0.16 |
0.88 |
0.23 |
0.15 |
1.43 |
0.13 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.46 |
0.57 |
0.19 |
0.07 |
0.27 |
0.00 |
0.48 |
0.34 |
0.37 |
0.06 |
0.09 |
0.49 |
0.01 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
-B |
0.17 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.08 |
0.01 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.06 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-C |
0.34 |
0.00 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
0.26 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.40 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.33 |
0.09 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.09 |
0.12 |
0.05 |
0.19 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-D |
0.45 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.05 |
1.05 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.34 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.38 |
0.00 |
1.67 |
0.21 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.28 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-E |
0.02 |
0.69 |
0.57 |
0.64 |
0.54 |
0.23 |
0.32 |
3.47 |
0.33 |
0.04 |
0.36 |
0.86 |
0.93 |
0.74 |
0.04 |
0.40 |
0.00 |
1.71 |
0.94 |
0.93 |
0.13 |
0.90 |
0.48 |
0.03 |
0.15 |
0.03 |
-F |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.15 |
0.13 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.22 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
0.01 |
0.04 |
0.93 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-G |
0.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.27 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.02 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.17 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-H |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.58 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.36 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.52 |
3.99 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.57 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-I |
0.45 |
0.07 |
0.13 |
0.35 |
0.18 |
0.22 |
0.12 |
1.15 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.18 |
0.55 |
0.27 |
0.23 |
0.09 |
0.13 |
0.00 |
0.58 |
0.43 |
0.65 |
0.10 |
0.18 |
0.59 |
0.03 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
-J |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-K |
0.19 |
0.00 |
0.19 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.09 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.07 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-L |
0.76 |
0.22 |
0.13 |
0.05 |
0.58 |
0.08 |
0.09 |
0.01 |
0.49 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.90 |
0.01 |
0.06 |
0.31 |
0.19 |
0.00 |
0.08 |
0.07 |
0.16 |
0.38 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
-M |
0.30 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.31 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.01 |
0.38 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.05 |
0.01 |
0.55 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.11 |
0.05 |
0.01 |
0.10 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
-N |
2.22 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
1.32 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
0.02 |
2.17 |
0.00 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.08 |
1.28 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.15 |
0.02 |
0.01 |
0.39 |
0.00 |
0.13 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-O |
0.00 |
0.21 |
0.61 |
0.33 |
0.04 |
0.54 |
0.22 |
0.70 |
0.36 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
0.52 |
0.35 |
0.75 |
0.41 |
0.27 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.46 |
1.15 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.30 |
0.00 |
0.55 |
0.00 |
-P |
0.16 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.16 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.06 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.15 |
0.00 |
0.15 |
0.11 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.18 |
0.00 |
0.17 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
-Q |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-R |
1.08 |
0.16 |
0.12 |
0.12 |
2.13 |
0.22 |
0.18 |
0.08 |
0.37 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.05 |
0.01 |
1.22 |
0.32 |
0.00 |
0.13 |
0.00 |
0.34 |
0.68 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
-S |
0.92 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.16 |
1.08 |
0.00 |
0.06 |
0.02 |
1.16 |
0.00 |
0.05 |
0.11 |
0.07 |
0.32 |
0.28 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.39 |
0.37 |
0.19 |
0.52 |
0.00 |
0.04 |
0.00 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
-T |
1.31 |
0.02 |
0.20 |
0.00 |
0.47 |
0.09 |
0.01 |
0.24 |
1.11 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.75 |
0.57 |
0.07 |
0.00 |
0.35 |
1.04 |
0.21 |
0.51 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
-U |
0.12 |
0.30 |
0.11 |
0.08 |
0.03 |
0.09 |
0.09 |
0.11 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.00 |
0.10 |
0.14 |
0.05 |
1.61 |
0.08 |
0.14 |
0.15 |
0.25 |
0.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-V |
0.33 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.22 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.18 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.00 |
0.03 |
0.17 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.06 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-W |
0.10 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.11 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.54 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.07 |
0.08 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-X |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.15 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-Y |
0.34 |
0.17 |
0.03 |
0.07 |
0.20 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.12 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.37 |
0.34 |
0.11 |
0.05 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.23 |
0.02 |
0.14 |
0.00 |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
-Z |
0.01 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.02 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
© Andrew Scott 2006 -
2025,
All Rights Reserved